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The SUV4-20 inhibitor A-196 verifies a role for epigenetics in genomic integrity

Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) regulate diverse physiological processes including transcription and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Genetic studies suggest that the PKMTs SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 facilitate proficient nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-directed DNA repair by catalyzing the di- and trimethylation (me2 and me3, respectively) of lysine 20 on histone 4 (H4K20). Here we report the identification of A-196, a potent and selective inhibitor of SUV420H1 and SUV420H2. Biochemical and co-crystallization analyses demonstrate that A-196 is a substrate-competitive inhibitor of both SUV4-20 enzymes. In cells, A-196 induced a global decrease in H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 and a concomitant increase in H4K20me1. A-196 inhibited 53BP1 foci formation upon ionizing radiation and reduced NHEJ-mediated DNA-break repair but did not affect homology-directed repair. These results demonstrate the role of SUV4-20 enzymatic activity in H4K20 methylation and DNA repair. A-196 represents a first-in-class chemical probe of SUV4-20 to investigate the role of histone methyltransferases in genomic integrity.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N84 – PubChem

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An alpha5 gabaa receptor inverse agonist, alpha5ia, attenuates amyloid beta-induced neuronal death in mouse hippocampal cultures

Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which no cognition-restoring therapies exist. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests a remodeling of the GABAergic system in AD, which might represent an important therapeutic target. An inverse agonist of alpha5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors (alpha5GABAARs), 3-(5-Methylisoxazol-3-yl)-6-[(1-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyloxy]-1,2,4-triazolo[3?a]phthalazine (alpha5IA) has cognition-enhancing properties. This study aimed to characterize the effects of alpha5IA on amyloid beta (Abeta1?42)-induced molecular and cellular changes. Mouse primary hippocampal cultures were exposed to either Abeta1-42 alone, or alpha5IA alone, alpha5IA with Abeta1?42 or vehicle alone, and changes in cell viability and mRNA expression of several GABAergic signaling components were assessed. Treatment with 100 nM of alpha5IA reduced Abeta1?42-induced cell loss by 23.8% (p < 0.0001) after 6 h and by 17.3% after 5 days of treatment (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed an Abeta1-42-induced increase in ambient GABA levels, as well as upregulated mRNA expression of the GABAAR alpha2,alpha5,beta2/3 subunits and the GABABR R1 and R2 subunits. Such changes in GABARs expression could potentially disrupt inhibitory neurotransmission and normal network activity. Treatment with alpha5IA restored Abeta1-42-induced changes in the expression of alpha5GABAARs. In summary, this compound might hold neuroprotective potential and represent a new therapeutic avenue for AD. The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 253-52-1 is helpful to your research. Application of 253-52-1

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N459 – PubChem

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Synthesis of triazolophthalazine derivatives as anti oxidant agents

The current research work is aimed to synthesize 3-substituted [1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-a] phthalazine derivatives.1H NMR, IR and Mass Spectroscopy have been employed for the characterization of synthesized derivatives. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of all the derivatives [1a-1h], is carried out using DPPH model. The title compounds were synthesized by reacting hydrazinyl phthalazin-1(2H)-one with substituted benzoyl chloride followed by refluxing in the presence of DMF, Dioxan and trimethyl amine for 4 hours and were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH Model.The title compounds 1b, 1c, 1e and 1g showed promising free radical scavenging activity when compared to standard drug.3-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-a] phthalazine derivatives were synthesized, charecterized and their antioxidant activity evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging method. Out of all the compound synthesized, only few compounds such as 1b, 1c, 1e and 1g have shown promising free radical scavenging activity when compared to standard drug.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N414 – PubChem

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Theory and Calculation of the Phosphorescence Phenomenon

Phosphorescence is a phenomenon of delayed luminescence that corresponds to the radiative decay of the molecular triplet state. As a general property of molecules, phosphorescence represents a cornerstone problem of chemical physics due to the spin prohibition of the underlying triplet-singlet emission and because its analysis embraces a deep knowledge of electronic molecular structure. Phosphorescence is the simplest physical process which provides an example of spin-forbidden transformation with a characteristic spin selectivity and magnetic field dependence, being the model also for more complicated chemical reactions and for spin catalysis applications. The bridging of the spin prohibition in phosphorescence is commonly analyzed by perturbation theory, which considers the intensity borrowing from spin-allowed electronic transitions. In this review, we highlight the basic theoretical principles and computational aspects for the estimation of various phosphorescence parameters, like intensity, radiative rate constant, lifetime, polarization, zero-field splitting, and spin sublevel population. Qualitative aspects of the phosphorescence phenomenon are discussed in terms of concepts like structure-activity relationships, donor-acceptor interactions, vibronic activity, and the role of spin-orbit coupling under charge-transfer perturbations. We illustrate the theory and principles of computational phosphorescence by highlighting studies of classical examples like molecular nitrogen and oxygen, benzene, naphthalene and their azaderivatives, porphyrins, as well as by reviewing current research on systems like electrophosphorescent transition metal complexes, nucleobases, and amino acids. We furthermore discuss modern studies of phosphorescence that cover topics of applied relevance, like the design of novel photofunctional materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaic cells, chemical sensors, and bioimaging.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N59 – PubChem

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Photochromism of Simple 1,8a-Dihydroindolizines and 1,8a-Dihydro-5-azaindolizines

In this paper we report on the synthesis of new photochromic 1,8a-dihydroindolizines and 1,8a-dihydro-5-azaindolizines 19 and betaines 18 as well as their precursors 3,3-diphenyl-3H-pyrazoles 13 and cyclopropenes 15.The stuctures of the betaines 18 are proved for the first time by X-ray analysis of 18l.The last part of this paper deals with Hammett correlations of the rate constant of the 1,5-electrocyclisation and MINDO/3 calculations of the thermal ring closure 18 -> 19.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N131 – PubChem

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Silver-catalyzed formal inverse electron-demand diels-alder reaction of 1,2-diazines and siloxy alkynes

A highly effective silver-catalyzed formal inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-diazines and siloxy alkynes has been developed. The reactions provide ready access to a wide range of siloxy naphthalenes and anthracenes, which are formed in good to high yields, under mild reaction conditions, using low catalyst loadings.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N451 – PubChem

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Cycloadditions of siloxy alkynes with 1,2-diazines: From reaction discovery to identification of an antiglycolytic chemotype

Cycloaddition uncovered: The title reaction produces novel polycyclic compounds with high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. A small-molecule library, synthesized using this reaction, yielded a novel chemotype which inhibited glycolytic ATP production by blocking glucose uptake in CHO-K1 cells. DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide, Tf= trifluoromethanesulfonyl, TIPS=triisopropylsilyl. Copyright

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N293 – PubChem

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Photoredox-Catalysed Decarboxylative Alkylation of N-Heteroarenes with N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides

An iridium photoredox catalyst in combination with either a stoichiometric amount of Br¡ãnsted acid or a catalytic amount of Lewis acid is capable of catalyzing regioselective alkylation of N-heteroarenes with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides at room temperature under irradiation. A broad range of N-heteroarenes can be alkylated using a variety of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carboxylates. Mechanistic studies suggest that an IrII/IrIIIredox catalytic cycle is responsible for the observed reactivity.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N106 – PubChem

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Potent inhibition of human liver aldehyde oxidase by raloxifene

The selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, has been demonstrated as a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver aldehyde oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of phthalazine, vanillin, and nicotine-Delta 1?(5?)-iminium ion, with Ki values of 0.87 to 1.4 nM. Inhibition was not time-dependent. Raloxifene has also been shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of an aldehyde oxidase-catalyzed reduction reaction of a hydroxamic acid-containing compound, with a Ki of 51 nM. However, raloxifene had only small effects on xanthine oxidase, an enzyme related to aldehyde oxidase. In addition, several other compounds of the same therapeutic class as raloxifene were examined for their potential to inhibit aldehyde oxidase. However, none were as potent as raloxifene, since IC50 values were orders of magnitude higher and ranged from 0.29 to 57 muM. In an examination of analogs of raloxifene, it was shown that the bisphenol structure with a hydrophobic group on the 3-position of the benzthiophene ring system was the most important element that imparts inhibitory potency. The relevance of these data to the mechanistic understanding of aldehyde oxidase catalysis, as well as to the potential for raloxifene to cause drug interactions with agents for which aldehyde oxidase-mediated metabolism is important, such as zaleplon or famciclovir, is discussed.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N323 – PubChem

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Validated LC method for the estimation of hydralazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms

A simple and specific liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of hydralazine hydrochloride injection using HPLC. All the analytical parameters were determined as per ICH Q2B guidelines. Good chromatographic separation was achieved with Inertsil L10 packed column (4.6 mm ¡Á 150 mm, 5 mum particle size) at a wavelength of 230 nm using phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (77: 23) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min. The resolution, between phthalazine and hydralazine hydrochloride peak is not less than 4.0. From the statistical treatment of the linearity data of Hydralazine HCl, it is clear that the response of Hydralazine HCl is linear between 50% to 150% level. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.998. In addition, the analysis of residuals shows that the values are randomly scattered around zero, which fits, and well within the linear model. The developed method showed good linearity, reproducibility, precision and can be suitably applied for the routine quality control analysis in the estimation of commercial formulations.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N219 – PubChem