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SERS excitation profiles of phthalazine adsorbed on single colloidal silver aggregates as a function of cluster size

The wavelength-dependent SERS enhancement and photoreactivity of phthalazine (pht) adsorbed on single Ag colloid fractal clusters deposited out of solution onto a glass surface were determined as a function of cluster size from the excitation profiles of the SERS spectra of three individual colloid clusters with dimensions 1.9 ¡Á 1.9 mum, 3.7 ¡Á 2.8 mum and 7.5 ¡Á 4.7 mum. The spectra were correlated with a given cluster by using imaging Raman microspectroscopy. The SERS excitation profiles obtained from various bands observed in the SERS spectra could be understood in terms of two wavelength-dependent contributions: (i) the photochemical activity which grows monotonically toward the blue in the spectral range (470-650 nm) used and (ii) the SERS enhancement function which increases toward the red. The variety of shapes observed for the excitation profiles can be explained in terms of the relative contribution of the pht reagent and the photoproduct to the sometimes overlapping SERS bands. The relative contributions (or lack of overlap) suggested by the SERS excitation profiles are in good agreement with the independent assignments of those bands to pht or its photoproduct. The wavelength-dependent SERS enhancement and the photoreactivity were found to be approximately independent of cluster size for the three clusters studied in keeping with predictions made in the literature relating to the optical properties of fractal clusters.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N460 – PubChem

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The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 253-52-1 is helpful to your research. Electric Literature of 253-52-1

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Uses of K2S2O8 in Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Oxidative Transformations

Carbon-carbon/carbon-heteroatom bond formation via oxidative transformations is a heavily explored topic at the frontier of chemistry. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) has emerged as a cost-effective, suitable inorganic oxidant for a wide array of oxidative transformations, ranging from laboratory experiments to industrial processes. The current review provides a comprehensive coverage of oxidative transformations aided with K2S2O8 in the presence or absence of a transition-metal catalyst, critical assessment of the results, and underlying mechanisms. Organic chemists may find this review to be a useful guide for the expedient synthesis of new chemical entities, to formulate mechanistic manifolds involving the sulfate radical anion, or to design novel oxidative transformations. A detailed understanding of the unsolved mechanisms could further enrich the field.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N277 – PubChem

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Trypanothione reductase and superoxide dismutase as current drug targets for Trypanosoma cruzi: An overview of compounds with activity against chagas disease

It has been over a century since Carlos Chagas discovered the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) as the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease with several socioeconomic, epidemiological and human health repercussions. Currently, there are only two commercialized drugs to treat CD in acute phase, nifurtimox and benznidazol, with several adverse side effects. Thus, new orally available and safe drugs for this parasitic infection are urgently required. One strategy of great importance in new drug discovery programmes is based on the search of molecules enabling to interfere with enzymes involved in T. cruzi metabolism. This review will focus on two of the most promising targets for the therapy of CD: trypanothione reductase (TR) and the iron-containing superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), which protect the parasite against oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. A brief comparison of the function, mechanism of action and the active sites between T. cruzi TR and Fe-SOD with their analogues enzymes in human, glutathione reductase (GR) and the corresponding SODs, will be discussed. This review will also summarize the recent development and structure-activity relationships of novel compounds reported for their ability to selectively inhibit these targets, aiming to define molecular bases in the search for new effective treatment of CD.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N71 – PubChem

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Zinc(II) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles as antifungal agents: Synergistic activity with clinically used drug nystatin

Three novel Zn(II) complexes, [ZnCl2(qz)2] (1), [ZnCl2(1,5-naph)]n (2) and [ZnCl2(4,7-phen)2] (3), where qz is quinazoline, 1,5-naph is 1,5-naphthyridine and 4,7-phen is 4,7-phenanthroline, were synthesized by the reactions of ZnCl2 and the corresponding N-heterocyclic ligand in 1:2 molar ratio in ethanol at ambient temperature. The characterization of these complexes was done by NMR, IR and UV?Vis spectroscopy, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 3 are mononuclear species, in which Zn(II) ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by two nitrogen atoms belonging to two qz or 4,7-phen ligands, respectively, and by two chloride anions, while complex 2 is a 1D coordination polymer that contains 1,5-naph as bridging ligand between two metal ions. In agar disc-diffusion assay, complexes 1?3 manifested good inhibitory activity against two investigated Candida strains (C. albicans and C. parapsilosis), while not inducing toxic effects on the healthy human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). This activity was not fungicidal, as revealed by the broth microdilution assay, however complex 3 showed the ability to modulate Candida hyphae formation, which is an important process during infection and showed significant synergistic effect with clinically used antifungal polyene nystatin.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N38 – PubChem

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Inverse electron demand diels-alder (IEDDA) reactions: Synthesis of heterocycles and natural products along with bioorthogonal and material sciences applications

In this review we chose to concentrate on the bibliography data from 2013 to 2015 (until February), related to the application of the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction to the synthesis of heterocycles, as building blocks for natural products Moreover, the application of the IEDDA reaction to the recently developed bioorthogonal ligations (in 2008), using tetrazines moieties as the diene partners, and engineered alkenes or alkynes as dienophiles, will be detailed. The in vivo applications of the bioorthogonal liga-tions are particularly amazing and undoubtedly demonstrate the usefulness of this chemistry.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N80 – PubChem

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Total syntheses of menisporphine and daurioxoisoporphine c enabled by photoredox-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of isoquinoline with aryldiazonium Salt

Isoquinoline alkaloids are attractive natural products due to their diverse chemical structures as well as remarkable bioactivities. Herein, we report the concise total syntheses of two isoquinoline alkaloids, menisporphine and daurioxoisoporphine C, through a mild and efficient photoredox-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of isoquinoline core with aryldiazonium salt. This new strategy is complementary to the conventional isoquinoline synthesis and would provide us a useful means to achieve a more convergent and flexible approach to access diverse isoquinoline structures.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N507 – PubChem

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Microwave assisted reactions of some azaheterocylic compounds

A fast, general, environmentally friendly and facile method for preparation of five- and six-membered ring diazaheterocylic salts under microwave irradiation is presented. The N-alkylation reactions of imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine and phthalazine have been studied. The microwaves remarkably accelerated these N-alkylations, the reaction times decreased dramatically, the reaction conditions were milder, the consumed energy decreased considerably and the amount of solvents used was reduced substantially. Consequently, the microwave assisted alkylation of N-containing heterocycles could be considered eco-friendly. In some cases, under MW irradiation the yields are also higher. A comparative study of microwave vs. classical conditions (liquid solvents) has been done. Twelve new diazaheterocylic salts of potential practical interest were obtained.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N500 – PubChem

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine-based antifolate drugs against bacillus anthracis

Due to the innate ability of bacteria to develop resistance to available antibiotics, there is a critical need to develop new agents to treat more resilient strains. As a continuation of our research in this area, we have synthesized a series of racemic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-based drug candidates, and evaluated them against Bacillus anthracis. The structures are comprised of a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ring, a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ring, and an N-acryloyl-substituted 1,2-dihydrophthalazine ring. Various changes were made at the C1 stereocenter of the dihydrophthalazine moiety in the structure, and the biological activity was assessed by measurement of the MIC and Ki values to identify the most potent drug candidate.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N313 – PubChem

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Aryl-fused and hetaryl-fused-2,4-diazepine and 2,4-diazocine antiarrhythmic agents

Aryl-fused- and hetaryl-fused-2,4-diazepines of formula XXXVI, benzodiazocines of formula XXX, benzodiazepines of formula II STR1 delta-aminoamides of formula III and aryldimethanamines of formula XXXVII STR2 wherein A is an aryl or hetaryl ring; R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or hetaryl; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl; R3 is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heteroatom substituted alkyl or aralkyl; R4 is hydrogen or alkyl; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or hetaryl; R6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or a fused benzene ring; R9 is hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl; and R10 is hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl. The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of, pharmaceutical compositions containing, and methods of treating cardiac arrhythmia with the compounds of formulas XXXVI, XXX, II, III, and XXXVII.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N10 – PubChem

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Iron-catalyzed Minisci acylation of N-heteroarenes with alpha-keto acids

An efficient and mild protocol has been developed for the Minisci acylation reactions of nitrogen-containing heteroarenes with alpha-keto acids. Distinct from the conventional Minisci acylation conditions, the chemistry was performed using non-noble metal Fe(II), instead of expensive Ag(I) salt, as catalyst. A wide range of substrates, including aliphatic or aromatic alpha-keto acids, as well as various N-heteroarenes, proved to be compatible with the protocol. Scale-up experiment also demonstrates the practicality of the approach.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N474 – PubChem