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Perspective on the Hyperpolarisation Technique Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) in NMR Spectroscopy and MR Imaging

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a para-hydrogen-based technique that utilises a metal complex, normally centred on iridium, to propagate polarisation from para-hydrogen-derived hydride ligands to spin-? nuclei located in a bound substrate. To date, substrates possessing 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si, and 119Sn nuclei have been polarised by this technique. The exact positioning of these nuclei has a direct bearing on the enhancement observed and so substrates must be chosen or synthesised with care in order to maximise polarisation transfer, and hence the resulting enhancement. The chemical composition of the metal complex must be similarly appraised, as the exchange rate of substrates and para-hydrogen is implicated heavily in efficient polarisation transfer. The nature of the polarisation transfer, whether homogenous or heterogeneous, is another important facet to consider here, as is conducting SABRE in water-based systems. This review discusses the physical and theoretical aspects of the SABRE experiment, as well as the applications of the SABRE technique, namely, the detection of analytes at concentrations far below what would be possible with conventional NMR techniques and the collection of hyperpolarised magnetic resonance images. Advances relating to utilising singlet states for SABRE, pulse sequence design and the nature of the polarisation transfer mechanism are also discussed, and the implications for future SABRE-based discoveries highlighted.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N366 – PubChem

Can You Really Do Chemisty Experiments About Phthalazine

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Virtual screening identification of nonfolate compounds, including a CNS drug, as antiparasitic agents inhibiting pteridine reductase

Folate analogue inhibitors of Leishmania major pteridine reductase (PTR1) are potential antiparasitic drug candidates for combined therapy with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors. To identify new molecules with specificity for PTR1, we carried out a virtual screening of the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD) database to select compounds that could interact with L. major PTR1 but not with human DHFR. Through two rounds of drug discovery, we successfully identified eighteen drug-like molecules with low micromolar affinities and high in vitro specificity profiles. Their efficacy against Leishmania species was studied in cultured cells of the promastigote stage, using the compounds both alone and in combination with 1 (pyrimethamine; 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine). Six compounds showed efficacy only in combination. In toxicity tests against human fibroblasts, several compounds showed low toxicity. One compound, 5c (riluzole; 6-(trifluoromethoxy)- 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylamine), a known drug approved for CNS pathologies, was active in combination and is suitable for early preclinical evaluation of its potential for label extension as a PTR1 inhibitor and antiparasitic drug candidate.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N146 – PubChem

The Absolute Best Science Experiment for 253-52-1

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THE REACTION OF DIAZINES WITH ALLYLTRIBUTYLTIN VIA N-ALKOXYCARBONYLDIAZONIUM SALTS

Pyridazines were allowed to react with allyltributyltin in the presence of chloroformate to give 1-alkoxycarbonyl-6-allyl- and 1-alkoxycarbonyl-4-allyldihydro-pyridazines as major and minor products respectively.The reaction was applied to other diazines, and tetrahydro-adducts were obtained in the case of pyrimidine and pyrazine.Benzo-fused diazines also reacted in the same manner to afford the allyl-adducts in good yields.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N203 – PubChem

New explortion of Phthalazine

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Application of 253-52-1, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, and a compound is mentioned, 253-52-1, Phthalazine, introducing its new discovery.

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of indolizinophthalazine-5,12- dione derivatives, DNA topoisomerase IB inhibitors

A series of novel indolizinophthalazine-5,12-dione derivatives were designed and synthesized by the reaction of 6,7-dichlorophthalazine-5,8-dione with active methylene reagents (AMR) and pyridine derivatives. Some of synthesized compounds exhibited significant in vitro antiproliferative activity at micromolar level toward four human tumor cell lines, including lung adenocarcinoma cell, large-cell lung carcinoma cell, breast carcinoma cell and ardriamycin-resistance breast carcinoma cell. The DNA topoisomerase IB inhibitory assay indicated that DNA topoisomerase IB might be a biological target of the synthesized compounds. A series of novel indolizinophthalazine-5, 12-dione derivatives were synthesized. Their in vitro antiproliferative activity toward four human tumor cell lines and DNA topoisomerase IB inhibitory activity was investigated.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N402 – PubChem

A new application about Phthalazine

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Minisci C-H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with aliphatic alcohols: Via beta-scission of alkoxy radical intermediates

A Minisci-type C-H alkylation reaction of N-heteroarenes with aliphatic alcohols via beta-scission of alkoxy radical intermediates under photoredox-catalyzed conditions was developed. The use of the benziodoxole acetate (BI-OAc) oxidant is critical to achieving high efficiency under mild conditions using a slight excess of an alcohol reactant. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols all are compatible. Reactions of various complex N-heteroarenes including drug molecules and steroid natural products have been demonstrated.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N192 – PubChem

Properties and Exciting Facts About Phthalazine

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A multi-substituted 2-benzyl-1-isoquinoline ketone compound preparation method (by machine translation)

This invention discloses a multi-substituted 2-benzyl -1 (2H)-isoquinoline ketone compound preparation method, iodine is butyl with uncle in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, isoquinoline compound generating benzyltin free radical addition and amidation reaction isobioquin group is generated. The reaction temperature is 60-150C, the reaction time is 0.5-72 hours. The reaction using metal catalyst and the complicated synthetic process difficulties, reaction raw materials and cheap catalyst, mild reaction conditions, light, air, moisture is not sensitive, very high yield, easy separation and purification of the product, has very good application prospect. (by machine translation)

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N14 – PubChem

Some scientific research about 253-52-1

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N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

This review tries to shed light on the early history of different methods for the generation of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), i.e., the extrusion of heterocumulenes (decarboxylations) from suitable mesomeric betaines, deprotonations of hetarenium salts, alpha-eliminations, tautomerizations of mesomeric betaines, and reductive desulfurizations of cyclic thioureas. Selected examples of acyclic and three- to eight-membered NHCs are presented, as well the generation of selected five- and six-membered anionic NHCs.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N391 – PubChem

Extended knowledge of Phthalazine

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Enzymes of the Xanthine Oxidase Family

Enzymes from the xanthine oxidase (XO) family of molybdenum enzymes are generally, with some exceptions, molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydroxylases. Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase were among the first enzymes to be studied in detail more than 100 years ago and, surprisingly, they continue to be thoroughly studied in molecular detail with many open and unresolved questions remaining. Enzymes of the XO family are characterized by a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) active site with a MoVIOS(OH) ligand sphere where substrate hydroxylation of either aromatic or aliphatic carbon centers is catalyzed. During the reaction, electrons are transferred to the oxidizing substrate, most commonly O2 or NAD+, which react at the FAD site.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N321 – PubChem

Some scientific research about Phthalazine

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Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterization of oxalate copper(II) complexes of phthalazine, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline. Supramolecular architectures stabilized by hydrogen bonding

The paper presents a combined experimental and computational study for three oxalate copper(II) complexes [Cu(ptz)2(C2O 4)(H2O)]1.5H2O (1), [Cu(dppt)(C 2O4)(H2O)]H2OMeOH (2) and [Cu(dmdpq)(C2O4)(-H2O)]¡¤5H2O (3) (ptz = phthalazine, dppt = 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and dmdpq=6,7-dimethyl-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline). The compounds have been studied by IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. Due to the presence of coordinated water molecules and oxalate groups together with the lattice solvent molecules (water and methanol) their crystal structures are dominated by the hydrogen-bonding interactions that give rise to the supramolecular architectures. To elucidate the structural and spectroscopic properties of[Cu(ptz)2(C2O4)(H2O)], [Cu(dppt)(C2O4)(H2O)] and [Cu(dmdpq)(C 2O4)(H2O)], calculations at DFT, TDDFT level were undertaken. Magnetic studies of all complexes under study showed paramagnetic behavior with large orbital magnetic contribution.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N273 – PubChem

The important role of 253-52-1

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1,2,3,?Triazole-Based Catalysts: From Metal- to Supramolecular Organic Catalysis

1,2,3-Triazoles are unique heterocycles with intriguing physical properties that allow not only the coordination to metals, but also the establishment of supramolecular interactions based on their polarized C?H bonds. In this account, an extensive work of our group on the design and application of 1,2,3-triazole catalysts is covered. Initially, a family of BINOL triazoles (Click-BINOLs) was synthesized and employed in model test reactions in asymmetric metal catalysis such as the Ti-catalyzed addition of alkylzinc reagents to aldehydes. The evolution from the Click-BINOLs to a novel class of triazole-based anion-binding organocatalysts is further discussed. Consequently, these catalysts were successfully applied in alkylation reactions, as well as asymmetric dearomatizations of diverse N-heteroarenes.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N516 – PubChem