Category: phthalazines

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Dabiri, Minoo, once mentioned the application of 775-12-2, Name is Diphenylsilane, molecular formula is C12H12Si, molecular weight is 184.31, MDL number is MFCD00003002, category is phthalazines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Name: Diphenylsilane.

Palladium-Catalyzed Direct ortho-C-H Bond Sulfonylation and Halogenation of Phthalazine-1,4-diones

The regio- and chemo-selective Pd-catalyzed C-H activation methods have been successfully reported for directed C-H sulfonation and halogenation of pyridazinedione with arylsulfonyl chlorides and N-halosuccinimide, respectively. These protocols are compatible with a range of various functional groups and exhibit excellent regio-selectivity under mild reaction conditions by use of inexpensive and readily accessible reagents.

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Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 122-03-2, Name is p-Isopropylbenzenecarboxaldehyde, SMILES is CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Sanchez-Moreno, Manuel, introduce the new discover, Product Details of 122-03-2.

In vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole- or pyrazole-based benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole-based (1-4) and pyrazole-based (5-6) benzo[g] phthalazine derivatives against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis. Methods: The in vitro activity of compounds 1-6 was assayed on extracellular promastigote and axenic amastigote forms, and on intracellular amastigote forms of the parasites. Infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on J774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) as the reference drug. The mechanisms of action were analysed by iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) inhibition, metabolite excretion and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Results: Compounds 1-6 were more active and less toxic than meglumine antimoniate. Data on infection rates and amastigote mean numbers showed that 2, 4 and 6 were more active than 1, 3 and 5 in both L. infantum and L. braziliensis. The inhibitory effect of these compounds on the antioxidant enzyme Fe-SOD of promastigote forms of the parasites was remarkable, whereas inhibition of human CuZn-SOD was negligible. The ultrastructural alterations observed in treated promastigote forms confirmed the greater cell damage caused by the most active compounds 2, 4 and 6. The modifications observed by 1H-NMR in the nature and amounts of catabolites excreted by the parasites after treatment with 1-6 suggested that the catabolic mechanisms could depend on the structure of the side chains linked to the benzo[g] phthalazine moiety. Conclusions: All the compounds assayed were active in vitro against the two Leishmania species and were less toxic against mammalian cells than the reference drug, but the monosubstituted compounds were significantly more effective and less toxic than their disubstituted counterparts.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 122-03-2 is helpful to your research. Product Details of 122-03-2.

Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Synthetic Route of 1603-79-8, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 1603-79-8, Name is Ethyl benzoylformate, SMILES is CCOC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a article, author is Chang, Sue-Ming, introduce new discover of the category.

Design and Synthesis of 1,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine Hybrids as Potent Anticancer Agents that Inhibit Angiogenesis and Induce DNA Interstrand Cross-links

Hybrid molecules are composed of two pharmacophores with different biological activities. Here, we conjugated phthalazine moieties (antiangiogenetic pharmacophore) and bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole moieties (DNA cross-linking agent) to form a series of bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine hybrids. These conjugates were cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines by inducing DNA damage, arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase, triggering apoptosis, and inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in endothelial cells. Among them, compound 29d encapsulated in a liposomal formulation (e.g., 29dL) significantly suppressed the growth of small-cell lung cancer cell (H526) xenografts in mice. Based on immunohistochemical staining, the tumor xenografts in mice treated with 29dL showed time-dependent decreases in the intensity of CD31, a marker of blood vessels, whereas the intensity of gamma-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, increased. The present data revealed that the conjugation of antiangiogenic and DNA-damaging agents can generate potential hybrid agents for cancer treatment.

Synthetic Route of 1603-79-8, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 1603-79-8.

Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Let’s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner’s point of view. Like 198561-07-8, Name is Fmoc-Pra-OH. In a document, author is Nagella, Praveen, introducing its new discovery. Recommanded Product: Fmoc-Pra-OH.

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and larvicidal effects of essential oil from leaves of Apium graveolens

The leaves of Apium graveolens were extracted and the essential oil composition, immunotoxicity effects, and antioxidant activity were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), which revealed the essential oils of A. graveolens leaves. Twenty-eight components, representing 73.72% of the total oil were identified from the leaves. The major components are 4-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1-imidazolyl)-valerophenone (19.90%), 1-dodecanol (16.55%), 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.93%), ethyl 4,4-D2-N-hexyl ether (4.11%), 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenyl-1-heptadecyn-3-ol (3.28%), 1,4-methano-1H-indene, octahydro-4-methyl-8-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)-, [1S-(1 alpha,3 alpha alpha,4 alpha,7 alpha,7 alpha alpha)]- (2.99%), 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-(3 ”-t-butyl) benzodioxepine (2.56%), Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (2.53%), 9H-pyrrolo[3′,4′:3,4] pyrrolo[2,1-alpha]phthalazine-9, 11(10H)-dione, 10-ethyl-8-phenyl (2.07%). The leaf oil had significant toxic effects against the larvae of A. aegypti with an LC50 value of 59.32 ppm and an LC90 value of 127.69 ppm. The essential oil from the A. graveolens leaves was investigated for scavenging of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity and the results demonstrate that the essential oil from the A. graveolens has potential as a natural antioxidant and thus inhibit unwanted oxidation process. The above data indicate that the major compounds may play an important role in the toxicity of essential oils and also as natural antioxidant.

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Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is El-Helby, Abdel-Ghany A., once mentioned the application of 103-36-6, Name is Ethyl cinnamate, molecular formula is C11H12O2, molecular weight is 176.21, MDL number is MFCD00009189, category is phthalazines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Computed Properties of C11H12O2.

Design, synthesis, in silico ADMET profile and GABA-A docking of novel phthalazines as potent anticonvulsants

A new series of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones (2 9) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their anticonvulsant activity. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotarod test. Molecular docking was performed for the synthesized compounds to assess their binding affinities as -aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor agonists as a possible mechanism of their anticonvulsant action, to rationalize their anticonvulsant activity in a qualitative way. The data obtained from the molecular modeling was strongly matched with that obtained from the biological screening, which revealed that compounds 5(a), 9(b), and 9(h) showed the highest binding affinities toward the GABA-A receptor and also showed the highest anticonvulsant activities with relative potencies of 1.66, 1.63, and 1.61, respectively, compared with diazepam. The most active compounds 5(a), 9(b), and 9(h) were further tested against maximal electroshock seizures. Compounds 5(a) and 9(b) showed 100% protection at a dose level of 125 mu g/kg, while compound 9(h) exhibited 83.33% protection at the same dose level. A GABA enzymatic assay was performed for these highly active compounds to confirm the obtained results and to explain the possible mechanism for their anticonvulsant action. These agents exerted low neurotoxicity and a high safety margin compared with valproate as a reference drug. Most of our designed compounds exhibited a good ADMET profile.

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Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products, Recommanded Product: 58743-75-2, 58743-75-2, Name is 4′-Ethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile, molecular formula is C15H13N, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Asif, M., introduce the new discover.

Some Recent Approaches of Biologically Active Substituted Pyridazine and Phthalazine Drugs

Nitrogen atom containing heterocyclic compounds, pyridazines, pyridazinones and phthalazines are important structural feature of many biologically active compounds and show diverse pharmacological properties. Pyridazines and phthalazines hold considerable interest relative to the preparation of organic intermediates and physiologically active compounds. On the basis of literature, pyridazines, pyridazinone and phthalazines further focus our attention because of their easy fictionalization at various ring positions, which makes them attractive synthetic compounds for designing and development of the novel pyridazines and phthalazines drugs in future.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 58743-75-2. Recommanded Product: 58743-75-2.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Application In Synthesis of 2-((Diphenylboryl)oxy)ethanamine, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.524-95-8, Name is 2-((Diphenylboryl)oxy)ethanamine, SMILES is NCCOB(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Jia, Xiao-chuan, introduce the new discover.

A Simple and Green Protocol for 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones Using Grinding Method

A robust, facile, and solvent-free route for the three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid utilizing grinding has been developed. Short reaction time, simple operation, and high yields are the advantages of this protocol.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 524-95-8. Application In Synthesis of 2-((Diphenylboryl)oxy)ethanamine.

Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Name: Chlorhexidine Diacetate, 56-95-1, Name is Chlorhexidine Diacetate, molecular formula is C26H38Cl2N10O4, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Wang, Liang, introduce the new discover.

Bronsted acidic deep eutectic solvent catalysed the one-pot synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones

An efficient and facile protocol for the one-pot synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones in the presence of a Bronsted acidic deep eutectic solvent has been developed. The Bronsted acidic deep eutectic solvent was readily prepared via heating the mixture of choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid. In addition, the deep eutectic solvent is non-toxic, cost-effective and recyclable.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 56-95-1. Name: Chlorhexidine Diacetate.

Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 90-64-2, Name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, SMILES is C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(O)=O)O, in an article , author is Rastogi, Shiva K., once mentioned of 90-64-2, Application In Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid.

C-H functionalization directed by transformable nitrogen heterocycles: synthesis of ortho-oxygenated arylnaphthalenes from arylphthalazines

Two protocols for oxygenation of aromatic C-H bonds ortho-positioned to the phthalazine ring were developed. The transannulation of the phthalazine ring to a naphthalene moiety by an Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction led to the synthesis of naphtho[2,1-c]chromenes, 1-(ortho-hydroxyaryl)naphthalenes and 6,7-dihydrobenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]oxepine. This new strategy based on the utilization of transformable nitrogen heterocycles in C-H functionalization chemistry can be potentially applicable to the synthesis of a broad range of biaryl compounds.

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Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Let’s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn, Product Details of 104-86-9, Especially from a beginner’s point of view. Like 104-86-9, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine, molecular formula is phthalazines, belongs to phthalazines compound. In a document, author is Karthikeyan, G., introducing its new discovery.

Post synthesis alumination of KIT-6 materials with Ia3d symmetry and their catalytic efficiency towards multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-]phthalazine-5,10-dione carbonitriles and carboxylates

Alumination of Si-KIT-6 materials with ordered three-dimensional (3D) structure were prepared by post-synthesis method with various Si/Al ratios. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), N-2 porosimetry and FT-IR spectra. The presence of framework and extra framework aluminium was predicted by Aluminium MAS NMR. The strength of the acid sites of the catalysts was studied by NH3-TPD acidity measurements. The morphology of mesoporous materials was studied by SEM and TEM observation. The metal content of the samples was investigated by ICP-OES. The prepared solid acid catalysts were applied for the multi-component synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-]phthalazine-5,10-diones from the reaction of phthalhydrazide, malononitrile/ethylcyano acetate and aromatic aldehyde in ethanol under liquid phase conditions. Activities of the catalysts follow the order: Al-KIT-6 (33) > Al-KIT-6 (56) > Al-KIT-6 (81) > Al-KIT-6 (110) > Nafion-H > Amberlyst-15 >> HM (12) > H beta (8) > HY (4). The effects of reaction conditions and different catalysts have been studied. Various advantages associated with these protocols include effective catalysis, simple work-up procedure, short reaction times, high product yields, easy recovery and reusability of the catalysts. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
,Phthalazine | C8H6N2 – PubChem