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SYNTHESES OF 4-HYDROXYMETHYL-1(2H)-PHTALAZINONE AND ITS ANALOGS.

4-Hydroxymethyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone (2) was preferably prepared by reduction of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1(2H)-phtalazinone with NaBH4 in EtOH in good yield.The synthetic method was applicable for the preparation of 7-ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone and its 2-phenyl derivative, where the regioselective reduction of the ester at the position 4 was possible, leaving the ester at the position 7 intact.The Grignard reaction of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone was also described.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N673 – PubChem

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2,3-Dihydrofurans as Potential Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Agents: Tandem Knoevenagel?Michael Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrofurans by Using alpha-Tosyloxy Ketone Precursors

Novel 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives were synthesized through a tandem Knoevenagel?Michael cyclization in good yield by reacting alpha-tosyloxy ketone, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, and various aldehydes in the presence of phthalazine in acetonitrile. These compounds were subjected to in vitro antibacterial screening against eight micro-organisms by using diffusion method and also in vitro cytotoxicity screening against four human cancerous cell lines by applying MTT assay. Some of the compounds showed impressive activities.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N223 – PubChem

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Challenges and Opportunities with Non-CYP Enzymes Aldehyde Oxidase, Carboxylesterase, and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase: Focus on Reaction Phenotyping and Prediction of Human Clearance

Over the years, significant progress has been made in reducing metabolic instability due to cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. High-throughput metabolic stability screening has enabled the advancement of compounds with little to no oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, high lipophilicity and low aqueous solubility of presently pursued chemotypes reduces the probability of renal excretion. As such, these low microsomal turnover compounds are often substrates for non-CYP-mediated metabolism. UGTs, esterases, and aldehyde oxidase are major enzymes involved in catalyzing such metabolism. Hepatocytes provide an excellent tool to identify such pathways including elucidation of major metabolites. To predict human PK parameters for P450-mediated metabolism, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation using hepatic microsomes, hepatocytes, and intestinal microsomes has been actively investigated. However, such methods have not been sufficiently evaluated for non-P450 enzymes. In addition to the involvement of the liver, extrahepatic enzymes (intestine, kidney, lung) are also likely to contribute to these pathways. While there has been considerable progress in predicting metabolic pathways and clearance primarily mediated by the liver, progress in characterizing extrahepatic metabolism and prediction of clearance has been slow. Well-characterized in vitro systems or in vivo animal models to assess drug-drug interaction potential and intersubject variability due to polymorphism are not available. Here we focus on the utility of appropriate in vitro studies to characterize non-CYP-mediated metabolism and to understand the enzymes involved followed by pharmacokinetic studies in the appropriately characterized surrogate species. The review will highlight progress made in establishing in vitro-in vivo correlation, predicting human clearance and avoiding costly clinical failures when non-CYP-mediated metabolic pathways are predominant.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N41 – PubChem

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Water and organic synthesis: A focus on the in-water and on-water border. Reversal of the in-water breslow hydrophobic enhancement of the normal endo -effect on crossing to on-water conditions for huisgen cycloadditions with increasingly insoluble organic liquid and solid 2pi-dipolarophiles

Measurements of the endo/exo product ratios for Huisgen cycloadditions with a series of vinyl ketones, alkyl acrylates, and substituted styrenes as dipolarophiles with phthalazinium and pyridazinium dicyanomethanide 1,3-dipoles in acetonitrile and water show that as the reactions change from in-water (large hydrophobic enhancement of endo-products) to on-water, the hydrophobic enhancement of the endo-products is reduced and partially reversed (relative to acetonitrile). An expected increase of the endo-effect with increasing hydrophobic character of the dipolarophile is overcome by decreasing water solubility causing changeover to on-water conditions. On-water reactions do not show increased cycloaddition endo-effects (relative to organic solvents) as do in-water reactions.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N91 – PubChem

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3682-14-2, Name is 6-Amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, belongs to phthalazine compound, is a common compound. COA of Formula: C8H7N3O2In an article, once mentioned the new application about 3682-14-2.

Chemiluminescence properties of luminol related o-hydroxybenzimidazole analogues: Experimental and DFT based approach to photophysical properties

Novel luminol-isoluminol derivatives containing o-hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole unit were synthesized from aromatic aldehydes and diaminophthalates followed by heating under reflux with hydrazine hydrate. The chemiluminescent properties were studied in hydrogen peroxide, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and sodium hydroxide solution. The chemiluminescence properties were compared with the standard luminol and isoluminol systems it was observed that the chemiluminescence properties of the novel derivatives were superior to luminol and isoluminol. Density Functional Theory computations have been used in order to have a greater understanding of the structural, molecular, electronic and photophysical properties. The experimental absorption and emission wavelength values were in good agreement with the computed vertical excitation and emission values.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N547 – PubChem

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Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial studies of new hybrid heterocyclic compounds bearing 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl thiomethyl motif

To understand the biological importance of heterocyclic cores, novel 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl thiomethyl incorporated hybrid compounds, 2-(benzimidazol-2-ylthiomethyl)-5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadizoles and 1-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)acetyl)pyridazine/phthalazinediones were designed using molecular hybridization technique, synthesized and characterized. The compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity using the serial dilution technique and were found to exhibit weak antitubercular activity, excellent to moderate antibacterial and better antifungal activities against some tested organisms in comparison to the standard drugs. Thus, some of the title compounds demonstrated antimicrobial activity.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N123 – PubChem

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External Heavy Atom Effect on Intersystem Crossing of Radical Pair in Solvent Cage. Photoreactions of Phthalazine

External heavy atom effects have been studied for the photoreaction of phthalazine in 2-propanol.Addition of bromine containing compounds alters the product distribution in the dual photoreactions occured simultaneously.The results can be interpreted in terms of enhancement of the intersystem crossing from the triplet radical pair to the singlet radical pair, including the spin inversion within the solvent cage.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N200 – PubChem

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NOUVEAUX DERIVES PYRIDAZINIQUES ET PHTALAZINIQUES DOUES D’ACTIVITE PHYSIOLOGIQUE

This paper reports eleven new pyridazines and phthalazines derivatives. Products 5-11 have been obtained starting from 3-chloro-6-hydrazino-pyridazine (4), by means of various reactions. Products 14-16 belong to the class of phthalazinium-ylids. The biological tests have shown the antimicrobial activity of products 14, 15 and 16. For the other products biological tests are still under way.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N99 – PubChem

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N-Chlorination-induced, oxidative ring contraction of 1,4-dimethoxyphthalazines

A rarely explored oxidative ring contraction of electron-rich 1,2-diazine is described. Upon treatment with an electrophilic chlorinating reagent (TCICA), 1,4-dimethoxyphthalazines undergo an N-chlorination-induced ring contraction that is accompanied by the loss of one nitrogen atom. The scope of this unusual reactivity was examined with a range of 1,4-dimethoxyphthalazine derivatives. In addition, a mechanism proceeding via a bicyclic species was proposed on the basis of an isolated reaction intermediate and DFT calculations.

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Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N198 – PubChem

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One pot synthesis of pyrazolo phthalazine dione derivatives under microwave irradiation

In this method, we have reported the catalytic ability of boric acid as a green, eco-friendly catalyst for one-pot four component condensation reaction of phthalic anhydride, Monohydrate hydrazine, Malononitrile and substituted aromatic aldehyde was reported. The major synthetic protocol is the use of inexpensive, nontoxic, avoiding the use of harmful organic solvent, short reaction time, mild condition reaction, simple procedure, excellent yield and environmentally benign.

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Reference£º
Phthalazine – Wikipedia,
Phthalazine | C8H6N239 – PubChem